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Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the metabolism where the body loses the ability to absorb sugar and starch from the blood.
There are several kinds of diabetes mellitus and the most common types are:
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is also referred to as juvenile onset diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, (IDDM) and is characterized by decreased or no production of insulin.
Diabetes type 2 is also referred to as adult onset diabetes, obesity related diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, (NIDDM) and is characterized by body tissue resistance to insulin action.
While Type 1 diabetes requires insulin injections, type 2 diabetes can often be managed by dietary adjustments and monitoring, weight reduction, exercise, and oral medication. Insulin may be used in type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes mellitus : This occurs in about 2%–5% of all pregnancies and is a temporary and fully treatable disease. Gestational diabetes mellitus requires careful medical supervision during the pregnancy and if left untreated can develop into type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Treatment
The most apparent approach to a Type 1 Diabetes cure is replacing the non-functional pancreatic beta cells with more islet cells. This requires immunosuppressive drugs to protect the transplanted tissue.
An alternative technique involves placing the transplanted beta cells in a semi-permeable container, isolating them from the immune system.
Microscopic or nanotechnological approaches for curing diabetes are currently under investigation. Two such approaches have been proposed and demonstrated in vitro, which include closed-loop insulin pumps.
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